NeuroVision

The law obliges a bank to ascertain a customer's financial position, while ascertaining the source of the money is its separate right; the law does not establish an obligation to ascertain it. We cover when a bank is entitled to request documents, whom and which cash transactions the Bank of Russia recommendations of 26 October 2026 concern, which documents are suitable for confirmation, and what the consequences are if they are not submitted.

A passport becomes invalid not only when it is lost or expires — the law lists 12 grounds, and each has its own moment of effect. We go through each ground and, separately, replacement, which is not invalidity; how to check the status via Gosuslugi and SMEV; and what a company should do if a customer's or employee's passport turns out to be invalid.

Customer identification is an obligation of the organization itself under Article 5 of 115-FZ, not of the technology supplier. We break down what the law requires of a bank, a microfinance organization, and a marketplace separately, what requirements to set for a KYC provider, how to structure a comparative pilot, and how to calculate the full cost of a check.

A password confirms the login but does not guarantee that the session is controlled by the account owner. Behavioral biometrics closes this gap: it recognizes a person by the "handwriting" of their interaction with a device — typing rhythm (keystroke dynamics), mouse movements (mouse dynamics), and touch gestures (touch dynamics). The technology works passively, requires no additional hardware, and supports continuous verification in web and mobile services. In this article, we look at the key metrics and models that strengthen anti-fraud and increase trust without unnecessary friction in the customer journey.

The Ministry of Digital Development (Mintsifry) notifies a bank that it is to connect to GIS Antifrod — and then begins what no reference guide explains: whom to contact, whether SMEV 4 is needed, what the PODD Agent is, how long it will take, and what happens after the first signal. We break down the connection procedure step by step — based on 41-FZ, Government Resolution No. 200, and the SMEV 4 technical documentation — with the 2026–2027 deadlines and a checklist for the bank.

A company's exemption from personal income tax when working with a self-employed person applies as long as the contractor's income is an object of the professional income tax and the relationship with them is not in fact employment; the exemption from insurance contributions and the right to recognize the expense also require a receipt. We explain when these conditions stop being met, what will then be charged, and why a self-employed person's status should be checked as of the date of each payment.

A TIN on an invoice or contract is only a starting point, not a completed counterparty check. We go step by step through where to enter the TIN for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs on free official services, what to look at in each result, how to tell an established fact from a signal for further checking, and what to save in case the check has to be substantiated.

A patent determines not only a foreign national's right to work but also the specific region, occupation, and term — and that term depends on timely payment, not on a date in the calendar. We explain where to officially check a patent, what each check confirms and what it doesn't show, how to monitor payment, and when and how to notify the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) of hiring and dismissal.

The Bank of Russia assigns every company and individual entrepreneur that is a bank client to one of three risk groups, but publicly shows only one of them — high. We explain how the level is assigned, what the "red zone" actually means, which transactions remain available under it, how to challenge it, and when it goes as far as removal from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (EGRUL).

There's no single checklist for 115-FZ: the law names three closed circles of subjects — organizations under Article 5, the "other persons" under Article 7.1, and the narrow circle under Article 7.1-1 — and their obligations differ. We break down who 115-FZ applies to, which of the eleven groups of obligations apply to a specific category of business, the deadline for reporting to Rosfinmonitoring, and what the penalties are for violations.

A politically exposed person is an umbrella term for three categories of individuals, each with its own set of verification requirements. We break down the law's exact wording, how PEP relates to the Russian abbreviation PDL and to the non-normative phrase "politically significant person," which family members fall within the scope of the check, and what the FATF standard says about how long the status lasts.

A beneficial owner isn't necessarily the person listed in EGRUL: it's the natural person who ultimately owns or controls the company. We break down the precise definition under 115-FZ, how a beneficial owner differs from a beneficiary, a founder, and a nominee holder, how an indirect interest is calculated, where to look for the information, and what the law requires from the company itself, from banks, and from deal partners.